00100				PREFACE
00200		Something  "artificial"  is  manmade.     Someone  "paranoid"
00300	believes  others  have  malevolent intentions towards him. Artificial
00400	paranoia  represents  an  attempt  to  computer  simulate  naturally-
00500	occurring  paranoia. Such an attempt is of interest to psychiatrists,
00600	psychologists, computer  scientists,  and  behavioral  scientists  in
00700	general.
00800		The significance of this simulation model  lies  in  its  (1)
00900	appropriateness,(2)    systemicity,    and   (3)   testability.   (1)
01000	Psychiatrists deal with their  patients  at  the  symbolic  level  of
01100	natural language communication.        It is at a symbolic  level  of
01200	analysis   that  explanations  of  symbolic  behavior  are  the  most
01300	appropriate and useful in providing understanding.(2) Since the model
01400	consists  of  an  algorithm running on a computer, the consistency or
01500	systemicity requirement for a conjunction of hypotheses is  met.  (3)
01600	Theoretical ideas formulated in natural language  can  be  made  more
01700	precise,  consistent, and testable when embodied in a symbolic model.
01800	If relevant empirical  tests  yield  disconfirmatory  instances,  the
01900	model  is rejected and abandoned as unworkable.   If the tests result
02000	in confirmatory instances, the model merits working with further as a
02100	promising   possibility.   Improvements  in  the  model  result  from
02200	increasing its precision, consistency, and extension.
02300		The  simulation  model  to  be  described  represents  a  new
02400	conjunction of hypotheses. It is the first model  of  psychopathology
02500	which  has  been  tested  by  comparing  its linguistic behavior in a
02600	psychiatric  interview  with  the  linguistic  behavior  of  paranoid
02700	patients.
02800		A  computer  simulation  of  paranoid  processes involves the
02900	construction and testing of a complex symbolic model. To fathom  such
03000	a  model  and  its functions, it is first necessary to understand the
03100	perspectives of symbol processing and computer  simulation.  I  shall
03200	try  to  present  some  background information sufficient to orient a
03300	reader unfamiliar with these perspectives.
03400		I  am  indebted  to  co-workers  who  collaborated with me in
03500	constructing and testing the model. Sylvia Weber Russell, a  graduate
03600	student in Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, wrote
03700	the original  version  of  the  program.   Franklin  Dennis  Hilf,  a
03800	psychiatrist  and  research  associate  in the Department of Computer
03900	Science, Stanford  University,  was  primarily  responsible  for  the
04000	validation   studies.   Helena   Kraemer,   research   associate   in
04100	biostatistics,  Department  of   Psychiatry,   Stanford   University,
04200	assisted  in  the  design  of the experiments and in carrying out the
04300	statistical methods used.
04400		Also  I  am  grateful  to  Bruce  Anderson,  Bruce  Buchanan,
04500	Franklin  Dennis  Hilf, Roger C.  Parkison, Charles J. Rieger III and
04600	Yorick Wilks for their comments  on  the  entire  manuscript  and  to
04700	Margaret  A.   Boden,  Horace Enea and Abraham Kaplan for suggestions
04800	regarding  specific  chapters. Because I made them,   I   bear   full
04900	responsibility for the errors.
05000		This research was supported by Grant PHS MH 06645-12 from the
05100	National  Institute  of  Mental  Health  and  by  (in  part) Research
05200	Scientist Award (No.1-K05-K14,433) from  the  National  Institute  of
05300	Mental Health.